References by Module:

1. Overview of maternal infections

2. HIV in pregnancy

3. Urinary tract infections during pregnancy

4. Maternal sepsis

5. Syphilis in pregnancy

6. Malaria in pregnancy

 

Overview of maternal infections

  1. Alberta Health. Alberta Prenatal Screening Program for Selected Communicable Diseases. Alberta Health Disease Control and Prevention Branch. 2007. 

  2. Australian Health Ministers’ Advisory Council. National Antenatal Care Guidelines. Australian Government Department of Health. 2012. 

  3. Chico RM, Mayaud P, Ariti C, Mabey D, Ronsmans C, Chandramohan D. Prevalence of malaria and sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. JAMA. 2012 May 16;307(19):2079-86. 

  4. Galask RP, Larsen B, Ohm MJ. Infection in Maternal-Fetal Medicine: An Overview. The Global Library of Women’s Medicine. 2009. 

  5. Pan American Health Organization, March of Dimes, Latin American Centre for Perinatology Women and Reproductive Health. Perinatal infections transmitted by the mother to her infant, education material for health personnel. Clap Scientific Publication. 2008. 

  6. Velu PP, Gravett CA, Roberts TK, Wagner TA, Zhang JSF, Rubens CE, Gravett MG, Campbell H, Rudan I. Epidemiology and aetiology of maternal bacterial and viral infections in low- and middle-income countries. J Glob Health. 2011 Dec;1(2):171-88. 

 

HIV in pregnancy

  1. Australian Health Ministers’ Advisory Council. National Antenatal Care Guidelines. Australian Government Department of Health. 2012.

  2. British HIV Association. Management of HIV infection in pregnant women 2012 (2014 interim review). British HIV Association (BHIVA). 2014. Cters for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV among women: Fact sheet. CDC. 2015. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/gender/women/facts/index.html

  3. Chou R, Cantor A, Bougatsos C, Zakher B. Screening for HIV in Pregnant Women: Systematic Review to Update the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2012. Available from: 

  4. Diaz-Rossello JL. Perinatal infections transmitted by the mother to her infant: educational material for health personnel. Latin American Center for Perinatology/ Women and Reproductive Health - CLAP/SMR Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization - PAHO/WHO. 2008. Available from:

  5. IATT, UNICEF, WHO. Toolkit, expanding and simplifying treatment for pregnant women living with HIV. WHO. 2013.

  6. Kendall T, Danel I. Research and evaluation agenda for HIV and maternal health in sub-Saharan Africa: women and health initiative working paper No. 1. Women and Health Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health: Boston, MA; 2014.

  7. Palasanthiran P, Starr M, Jones C, Giles M. Management of Perinatal Infections. Second edition. Sydney, Australia: Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases; 2014. 

  8. Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. Guidelines for the Care of Pregnant Women Living With HIV and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal Transmission. The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC). 2014.

  9. UNAIDS. The gap report. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). 2014. 

  10. UNAIDS. Fact sheet 2016: Global statistics 2015. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. 2016. 
                                                                                                            
  11. UNAIDS. Prevention gap report. Joing United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). 2016.                                                                                      

  12. World Health Organization. Antiretroviral drugs for treating pregnant women and preventing HIV infection in infants: Recommendations for a public health approach (2010 version). WHO. 2010. 

  13. WHO. WHO recommendations on the diasnosis of HIV infection in infants and children. WHO. WHO 2010.                                                                                                                

  14. World Health Organization. Compilation of WHO recommendations on maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health: Recommendations on maternal and perinatal health. WHO. 2013.

  15. World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations. WHO. 2014. 

  16. World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection. WHO. 2013. 

  17. World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach- 2nd ed. WHO. 2016. 

  18. WHO. Guideline: updates on HIV and infant feeding: the duration of breastfeeding, and support from health services to improve feeding practices among mothers living with HIV. WHO. 2016.  

 

Urinary tract infections during pregnancy

  1. Allen VM, Yudin MH, Bouchard C, Boucher M, Caddy S, Castillo E, Money DM, Murphy KE, Ogilvie G, Paquet C, van Schalkwyk J, Senikas V, Infectious Diseases Committee, Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. Management of group B streptococcal bacteriuria in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2012 May;34(5):482-6.

  2. Bilano VL, Ota E, Ganchimeg T, Mori R, Souza JP. Risk factors of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and its adverse outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a WHO secondary analysis. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(3):e91198. 

  3. Bilir F, Akdemir N, Ozden S, Cevrioglu AS, Bilir C. Increased serum procalcitonin levels in pregnant patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2013;12:25. 

  4. Carter JL, Tomson CRV, Stevens PE, Lamb EJ. Does urinary tract infection cause proteinuria or microalbuminuria? A systematic review. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006 Jan 11;21(11):3031-7. 

  5. Davis T. Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnancy. 2013 [cited 18th January 2015]. In: Infectious Comorbidties Encountered in Obstetrics and Neonatology [Internet]. 731 Gull Ave, Foster City. CA 94404, USA: OMICS Group eBooks, [cited 18th January 2015]. 

  6. Emamghorashi F, Mahmoodi N, Tagarod Z, Heydari ST. Maternal urinary tract infection as a risk factor for neonatal urinary tract infection. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2012 May;6(3):178-80.

  7. Grabe M, Bartoletti R, Bjerklund-Johansen TE, Çek HM, Pickard RS, Tenke P, Wagenlehner F, Wullt B. Guidelines on urological infections. European Association of Urology; 2014

  8. Guinto VT, De Guia B, Festin MR, Dowswell T. Different antibiotic regimens for treating asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(9):CD007855.  

  9. Healthcare Improvement Scotland, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Management of suspected bacterial urinary tract infection in adults: A National Clinical Guideline. Edinburgh: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN); 2012. A

  10. Johansen TEB, Botto H, Cek M, Grabe M, Tenke P, Wagenlehner FME, Naber KG. Critical review of current definitions of urinary tract infections and proposal of an EAU/ESIU classification system. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011 Dec;38 Suppl:64-70. 

  11. Kalra OP, Raizada A. Approach to a Patient with Urosepsis.Journal of Global Infectious Diseases. 2009;1(1):57-63. doi:10.4103/0974-777X.52984.

  12. Khalesi N, Khosravi N, Jalali A, Amini L. Evaluation of maternal urinary tract infection as a potential risk factor for neonatal urinary tract infection. J Family Reprod Health. 2014 Jun;8(2):59-62.

  13. Kinane DF, Blackwell CC, Brettle RP, Weir DM, Winstanley FP, Elton RA. ABO blood group, secretor state, and susceptibility to recurrent urinary tract infection in women.British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed). 1982;285(6334):7-9.

  14. Kodner CM, Thomas Gupton EK. Recurrent urinary tract infections in women: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2010;82(6):638-43 

  15. Kulkarni R, Randis TM, Antala S, Wang A, Amaral FE, Ratner AJ. β-Hemolysin/cytolysin of Group B Streptococcus enhances host inflammation but is dispensable for establishment of urinary tract infection. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(3):e59091. 

  16. Leroy S, Fernandez-Lopez A, Nikfar R, Romanello C, Bouissou F, Gervaix A, Gurgoze MK, Bressan S, Smolkin V, Tuerlinckx D, Stefanidis CJ, Vaos G, Leblond P, Gungor F, Gendrel D, Chalumeau M. Association of procalcitonin with acute pyelonephritis and renal scars in pediatric UTI. Pediatrics. 2013 May;131(5):870-9.

  17. Martinell J, Jodal U, Lidin-Janson G. Pregnancies in women with and without renal scarring after urinary infections in childhood. BMJ. 1990 Mar 31;300(6728):840-4.

  18. Johansen TEB, Botto H, Cek M, Grabe M, Tenke P, Wagenlehner FME, Naber KG. Critical review of current definitions of urinary tract infections and proposal of an EAU/ESIU classification system. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011 Dec;38 Suppl:64-70. 

  19. Lee M, Bozzo P, Einarson A, Koren G. Urinary tract infections in pregnancy. Canadian Family Physician. 2008;54(6):853-854.

  20. Mazor-Dray E, Levy A, Schlaeffer F, Sheiner E. Maternal urinary tract infection: is it independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcome? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009 Feb;22(2):124-8. 

  21. Meads C. Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: External review against programme appraisal criteria for the UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC). UK National Screening Committee; 2011.

  22. Medina-Bombardó D, Jover-Palmer A. Does clinical examination aid in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections in women? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Fam Pract. 2011;12:111. 

  23. Meister L, Morley EJ, Scheer D, Sinert R. History and physical examination plus laboratory testing for the diagnosis of adult female urinary tract infection. Acad Emerg Med. 2013 Jul;20(7):631-45. 

  24. Minardi D, d’ Anzeo G, Cantoro D, Conti A, Muzzonigro G. Urinary tract infections in women: etiology and treatment options. Int J Gen Med. 2011;4:333-43. 

  25. Minassian C, Thomas SL, Williams DJ, Campbell O, Smeeth L. Acute maternal infection and risk of pre-eclampsia: a population-based case-control study. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(9):e73047. 

  26. Ozlü T, Alçelik A, Calişkan B, Dönmez ME. Preeclampsia: is it because of the asymptomatic, unrecognized renal scars caused by urinary tract infections in childhood that become symptomatic with pregnancy? Med Hypotheses. 2012 Nov;79(5):653-5. 

  27. Randis TM, Gelber SE, Hooven TA, Abellar RG, Akabas LH, Lewis EL, Walker LB, Byland LM, Nizet V, Ratner AJ. Group B Streptococcus β-hemolysin/cytolysin breaches maternal-fetal barriers to cause preterm birth and intrauterine fetal demise in vivo. J Infect Dis. 2014 Jul 15;210(2):265-73. 

  28. Schnarr J, Smaill F. Asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary tract infections in pregnancy. Eur J Clin Invest. 2008 Oct;38 Suppl 2:50-7. 

  29. Schneeberger C, Geerlings SE, Middleton P, Crowther CA. Interventions for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;11:CD009279. 

  30. Simerville JA, Maxted WC, Pahira JJ. Urinalysis: a comprehensive review. Am Fam Physician. 2005 Mar 15;71(6):1153-62.

  31. Tita ATN, Andrews WW. Diagnosis and management of clinical chorioamnionitis. Clin Perinatol. 2010 Jun;37(2):339-54. 

  32. Vazquez JC, Villar J. Treatments for symptomatic urinary tract infections during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(4):CD002256. 

  33. Widmer M, Gülmezoglu AM, Mignini L, Roganti A. Duration of treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(12):CD000491. 

  34. Wilson ML, Gaido L. Laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections in adult patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Apr 15;38(8):1150-8. 

  

Maternal sepsis

  1. Amir Lisa H. and The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol Committee. Breastfeeding Medicine. June 2014, 9 (5): 239-243. doi:10.1089/bfm.2014.9984. 

  2. Arulkumaran N, Singer M. Puerperal sepsis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2013 Dec;27(6):893–902. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.07.004. 

  3. Bamfo JEAK. Managing the risks of sepsis in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2013 Aug;27(4):583–95. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.04.003. 

  4. Betzold, C. An Update on the Recognition and Management of Lactational Breast Inflammation. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 2007(updated 2010);52(6): 595-605.

  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations and Reports. Prevention of Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease: Revised Guidelines for CDC, 21010.Nov 19, 2010/59 (RR10):1-32. 

  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Website. Sexually transmitted diseases, treatment guidelines 2010

  7. Chongsomchai C, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M. Prophylactic antibiotics for manual removal of the placenta in vaginal birth. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2014:CD004904. doi: 10.1002/1465858.CD004904.pub3

  8. Czikk MJ, McCarthy FP, Murphy KE. Chorioamnionitis: From Pathogen to Treatment. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2011 Sep;17(9):1304-1311. 

  9. Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, Bion J, Parker MM, Jaeschke R et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. Crit Care Med 2008;36:296-327 [published correction appears in Crit Care Med 2008;36:1394-1396].

  10. Dolea C, Stein C. Global burden of maternal sepsis in the year 2000: Evidence and Information for Policy (EIP),World Health Organization, Geneva, July 2003. 

  11. Fahey J. Clinical Management of Intra-Amniotic Infection and Chorioamnionitis: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health, 2008;53(3):227-234. 

  12. Hundley VA, Avan BI, Braunholtz D, Graham WJ. Are birth kits a good idea? A systematic review of the evidence. Midwifery. 2012 Apr;28(2):204-15. 

  13. Karsnitz DB. Puerperal infections of the genital tract: a clinical review. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, 2013;58(6): 632-642. doi:10.1111/jmwh.12119. 

  14. Managing Puerperal Sepsis [Internet]. Baltimore: ReproLine Plus, Jhpiego and Johns Hopkins University; c2014 [cited 2015 March 05]. 

  15. Miller AE, Morgan C, Vyankandondera J. Causes of puerperal and neonatal sepsis in resource-constrained settings and advocacy for an integrated community-based postnatal approach. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2013;123: 10-15. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.06.006. 

  16. Prabha Sinha,Mohamed Otify Genital tract sepsis: early diagnosis, management and preventionThe Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2012;14:106–114. DOI/10.1111/j.1744-4667.2011.00083.x/full

  17. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Bacterial sepsis following pregnancy. Green-top Guideline No.64b, 2012.  

  18. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Bacterial sepsis in pregnancy. Green-top Guideline No. 64a, 2012. 

  19. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Preterm Prelabour Rupture of Membranes. Green-top Guideline No. 44, 2006, amended 2010.  

  20. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. The Care of Women Requesting an Induced Abortion. Evidence –based Clinical Guideline Number 7, 2011. 

  21. Seale AC, Mwaniki M, Newton CRJC, Berkley JA. Maternal and early onset neonatal bacterial sepsis: Burden and strategies for prevention in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2009;9: 428-438.doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70172-0.

  22. The Global Library of Women’s Medicine [Internet PDF]. London: Sapiens: c2014. Available from: The Safer Motherhood Knowledge Transfer Program; 2014 [cited 2015 March 10]; [about 4 screens]. 

  23. Van Dillen J, Zwart J, Schutte J, van Roosmalen J. Maternal sepsis: Epidemiology, etiology and outcome. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 2010;23: 249-254. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0b13e328339257c.

  24. Wojcieszek AM, Stock OM, Flenady V. Antibiotics for Prelabor Rupture of Membranes at or Near Term. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2014:CD001807. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001807.pub2. 

  25. World Health Organization. Managing puerperal sepsis. Education material for teachers of midwifery, Midwifery education modules – 2nd edition, 2008, Geneva. 

  26. World Health Organization. WHO guidelines for the management of postpartum haemorrhage and retained placenta, 2009 Geneva. ISBN: 978 92 4 159851 4

 

Syphilis in pregnancy

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2010 STD Treatment Guidelines. 

  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance- Syphilis. CDC. 2012. 

  3. Janier M, Hegyi V, Dupin N, Unemo M, Tiplica GS, Potočnik M, French P, Patel R. 2014 European guideline on the management of syphilis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014 Dec;28(12):1581–93. 

  4. Newman L, Kamb M, Hawkes S, Gomez G, Say L, Seuc A, Broutet N. Global estimates of syphilis in pregnancy and associated adverse outcomes: analysis of multinational antenatal surveillance data. PLoS Med. 2013;10(2):e1001396

  5. Pan American Health Organization, March of Dimes, Latin American Centre for Perinatology Women and Reproductive Health. Perinatal infections transmitted by the mother to her infant, education material for health personnel. Clap Scientific Publication. 2008.

  6. Tayou C. Syphilis and Blood Safety in Developing Countries. In: Sato NS, ed. Syphilis - Recognition, Description and Diagnosis. InTech; 2011 Nov 21. 

  7. World Health Organization. Sexually transmitted and other reproductive tract infections. WHO. 2005. 

  8. World Health Organization. Investment case for eliminating mother-to-child transmission of syphilis. WHO. 2012. 

  9. World Health Organization. Methods for surveillance and monitoring of congenital syphilis elimination within existing systems. WHO. 2011. 

  10. World Health Organization. Sexually transmitted and other reproductive tract infections: A guide to essential practice. WHO. 2005. 

  11. World Health Organization. The global elimination of congenital syphilis: rationale and strategy for action. WHO. 2007. 

Malaria in pregnancy

  1. Chico RM, Mayaud P, Ariti C, Mabey D, Ronsmans C, Chandramohan D. Prevalence of malaria and sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. JAMA. 2012 May 16;307(19):2079–86

  2. Desai M, ter Kuile FO, Nosten F, McGready R, Asamoa K, Brabin B, Newman RD. Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007 Feb;7(2):93–104.

  3. Kovacs SD, Rijken MJ, Stergachis A. Treating Severe Malaria in Pregnancy: A Review of the Evidence. Drug Saf. 2015 Jan 4.  

  4. Pan American Health Organization, March of Dimes, Latin American Centre for Perinatology Women and Reproductive Health. Perinatal infections transmitted by the mother to her infant, education material for health personnel. Clap Scientific Publication. 2008. 

  5. World Health Organization, Department of Making Pregnancy Safer and Department of Reproductive Health and Research. Standards for maternal and neonatal care. WHO. 2007. 

  6. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. Second edition. WHO. 2010.  

  7. World Health Organization. Training module on malaria control: Case management. WHO. 2013.  

  8. World Health Organization. World Malaria Report 2014. WHO. 2014. 

  9. World Health Organization. Malaria. Fact sheet  N°94. WHO. 2014.