Please select a module or learning objective:

Module 1

Learning Objective 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 

Module 2

Learning Objective 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

Module 3

Learning Objective 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5

Module 4

Learning Objective 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4

Module 5

Learning Objective 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

Module 6

Learning Objective 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4

Module 7

Learning Objective 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

 


Module 1

 

Learning Objective 1.1:

  1. Calain P (2007) Exploring the international arena of global public health surveillance. Health Policy Plan 22(1):2–12.

  2. Calain P, Fiore N, Poncin M, Hurst SA (2009) Research ethics and international epidemic response: the case of Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers. Public Health Eth 2(1):7–29.

  3. Remme JHF, Adam T, Becerra-Posada, D’Arcangues C, Devlin M, Gardner C, et al. (2010) Defining research to improve health systems. PLoS Med 7(11):e1001000.

  4. Winslow CE. The untilled fields of public health. Science  1920;51(1306):23–33.

 

Learning Objective 1.2:

  1. Calain P, Fiore N, Poncin M, Hurst SA (2009) Research ethics and international epidemic response: the case of Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers. Public Health Eth 2(1):7–29.

  2. Galea S, Maxwell AR, Norris F (2008) Sampling and design challenges in studying the mental health consequences of disasters. Int J Meth Psychiatr Res 17(Suppl 2):S21–8.

  3. Schopper D, Upshur R, Matthys F, Singh JA, Bandewar SS, Ahmad A, van Dongen E (2009) Research ethics review in humanitarian contexts: the experience of the independent ethics review board of Médecins Sans Frontières. PLoS Med 6(7):e1000115.

  4. Tansey CM, Herridge MS, Heslegrave RJ, Lavery JV (2010) A framework for research ethics review during public emergencies. Can Med Assoc J  182(14):1533–7.

 

Learning Objective 1.3:

  1. Beecher HK (1996) Ethics and clinical research. N Engl J Med  274(24):1354–60.

  2. Bosely S, Smith D. (2010). As doctors fought to save lives, Pfizer flew in drug trial team. The Guardian, 9.12.2010.   http://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/dec/09/doctors-fought-save-lives-pfizer-drug  (12.09.accessed 12 September 2014).

  3. Médecins sans Frontières (2011) Statement: Pfizer promoted misleading and false accusations of MSF’s involvement in unethical drug trials the company conducted in Nigeria in 1996, http://www.msf.org/article/ statement-pfizer-promoted-misleading-and-false-accusations-msfs-involvement-unethical-drug.

  4. Murray S. (2007). Anger at deadly Nigerian drug trials. BBC news website, 20.06.2007. (http://news.bbc. co.uk/2/hi/africa/6768799.stm)

  5. Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2002) The ethics of research related to healthcare in developing countries. London (www.nuffieldbioethics.org).

  6. Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2005) The ethics of research related to healthcare in developing countries, follow-up discussion paper. London (www.nuffieldbioethics.org).

  7. Okonta, Patrick I. (2014) Ethics of clinical trials in Nigeria. Niger Med J;  55:188-94.

 

Learning Objective 1.4: (N/A)

 

 

Module 2

 

Learning Objective 2.1: 

  1. Amoroso P, Middaugh J (2003) Research vs. public health practice: When does a study require IRB review? Prev Med 36:250–3.

  2. Bayer R, Greco D, Ramachandran R (2011) The ethics of clinical and epidemiological research. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 15(6):S25–9.

  3. Bayer R, Fairchild A (2004) The genesis of public health ethics. Bioethics 18(6):473–92.

  4. Barata R (2008) Ethics in epidemiological research. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva 13(2):453–548 (http://www. scielosp.org/pdf/csc/v13n2/a20v13n2.pdf).

  5. Coughlin S (2006) Ethical issues in epidemiologic research and public health practice. Emerg Themes Epidemiol 3:16.

  6. Tormo MJ, Dal Ré R, Perez G (1998) Ética e Investigación Epidemiológica: Principios, Aplicaciones y Casos Practicos. Barcelona: Sociedad Española de Epidemiología (http://seepidemiologia.es/documents/EIE.pdf).

  7. Upshur REG, Faith K, Gibson JL, Thompson AK, Tracy CS, Wilson K, et al. (2005) Stand on Guard for Thee: Ethical Considerations in Preparedness Planning for Pandemic Influenza. Toronto: University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics Pandemic Influenza Working Group (http://www.jointcentreforbioethics.ca/people/ documents/upshur_stand_guard.pdf#search=%22SARS%22).

  8. Verweij M, Dawson A (2009) Public health research ethics: a research agenda. Public Health Eth 2(1):1–6.

 

Learning Objective 2.2: 

  1. Bravata DM, McDonald KM, Smith WM, Rydzak C, Szeto H, Buckeridge DL, et al. (2004) Systematic review:surveillance systems for early detection of bioterrorism-related diseases. Ann Intern Med 140(11):910–22.

  2. Buehler JW, Berkelman RL, Hartley DM, Peters CJ (2003) Syndromic surveillance and bioterrorism-related epidemics. Emerg Infect Dis 9(10) doi: 10.3201/eid0910.030231 (http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/ article/9/10/03-0231.htm).

  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014) Emergency preparedness and response: surveillance. Atlanta, Georgia (http://www.bt.cdc.gov/bioterrorism/surveillance.asp).

 

Learning Objective 2.3:

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2005) Public health guidance for community-level preparedness and response to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Atlanta, Georgia (http://www.cdc.gov/sars/ guidance/core/index.html).

  2. Cook D, Burns K, Finfer S, Kissoon N, Bhagwanjee S, Annane D, et al. (2010) Clinical research ethics for critically ill patients: a pandemic proposal. Crit Care Med 38(Suppl 4):e138–42.

  3. Donaldson L, Rutter P, Ellis B, Greaves FEC, Mytton OT, Pebody RG, et al. (2009) Mortality from pandemic A/ H1N1 2009 influenza in England: public health surveillance study. BMJ 339:b5213.

  4. Fairchild A (2003) Dealing with Humpty Dumpty: research, practice and the ethics of public health surveillance. J Law Med Eth 31:615–23.

  5. Fairchild A, Bayer R (2004) Ethics and the conduct of public health surveillance. Science 303:631–2.

  6. Kotecha JA, Manca D, Lambert-Lanning A, Keshavjee K, Drummond N, Godwin M, et al. (2011) Ethics and privacy issues of a practice-based surveillance system. Need for a national-level institutional research ethics board and consent standards. Can Fam Physician 57:1165–73.

  7. Macklin R, Cowan E (2009) Conducting research in disease outbreaks. PLoS Neglected Trop Dis 3(4):e335.

  8. Muller MP, McGeer A, Strauss SE, Hawryluck L, Gold WL. (2004) Clinical trials and novel pathogens: lessons learned from SARS. Emerg Infect Dis 10(3):389–94.

  9. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (1979) The Belmont report. Washington DC (http://nhs.gov/ohrp/humansubject/guidence/belmont.html).

  10. Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2002) The ethics of research related to healthcare in developing countries. London (www.nuffieldbioethics.org).

  11. Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2005) The ethics of research related to healthcare in developing countries, follow-up discussion paper. London (www.nuffieldbioethics.org).

  12. Patel V, Sumathipala A (2001) International representation in psychiatric literature. Survey of six leading journals. Br J Psychiatr 178:406–9.

  13. Rennie S (2007) The ethics of disaster research (http://globalbioethics.blogspot.ch/2007_02_01_archive. html).

  14. Schmidt U, Frewer A, editors (2007) History and theory of human experimentation. The Declaration of Helsinki and modern medical ethics. In: History and Philosophy of Medicine, Vol. 2, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.

  15. Schopper D, Upshur R, Matthys F, Singh JA, Bandewar SS, Ahmad A, et al. (2009) Research ethics review in humanitarian contexts: the experience of the independent ethics review board of Médecins Sans Frontières. PLoS Med 6(7):e1000115.

  16. Strech D, Hirschberg I, Marckmann G, editors (2013) Ethics in public health and health policy. Concepts, methods, case studies. Heidelberg: Springer.

  17. Sumathipala A, Siribaddana A, Patel V (2004) Under-representation of developing countries in the research literature: ethical issues arising from a survey of five leading medical journals. BMC Med Eth 5:5.

  18. World Health Organization (2003) The operational response to SARS. Geneva (http://www.who.int/csr/sars/goarn2003_4_16/en/)

 

 

Module 3 

 

Leanring Objective 3.1: 

  1. Annas GJ, Mariner WK, Parmet WE (2008) Pandemic preparedness: the need for a public health—not a law enforcement/national security—approach. New York: American Civil Liberties Union (www.aclu.org/pdfs/ privacy/pemic_report.pdf).

  2. Crawley J, Waruiru C, Mithwani S, Mwang I, Watkins W, Ouma D, et al. (2000) Effect of phenobarbital on seizure frequency and mortality in childhood malaria: a randomized controlled intervention study. Lancet 355;701–6.

  3. Ford N, Hargreaves S, Shanks L (2012) Mortality after fluid bolus in children with shock due to sepsis or severe infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 7(8):e43953.

  4. Jegede A (2007) What led to the Nigerian boycott of the polio vaccination campaign? PloS Med 4(3):e73.

  5. Maitland K, Kiguli S, Opoka R, Engoru C, Olupot-Olupot P, Akech SO, et al. (2011) Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection. N Engl J Med 364:2483–95.

 

Learning Objective 3.2: 

  1. Berg J (2012) All for one and one for all: informed consent and public health. Houston Law Rev 50:1–40.

  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) Distinguishing public health research and public health non-research. Atlanta, Georgia.

  3. Lee LM, Heilig CM, White A (2012) Ethical justification for conducting public health surveillance without patient consent. Am J Public Health 102(1):38–44.

  4. Rennie S, Turner AN, Mupenda B, Behets F (2009) Conducting unlinked anonymous HIV surveillance in developing countries: ethical, epidemiological, and public health concerns. PLoS Med 6(1):30–4.

  5. Sharp RS, Foster MW (2000) Involving study populations in the review of genetic research. J Law Med Eth 28(1):41–51.

  6. World Health Organization (2009) Research ethics in international epidemic response. WHO technical consultation. Geneva.

  7. World Health Organization (2010) Public health surveillance. Geneva.

 

Learning Objective 3.3: 

  1. Armstrong H, Ashton C, Thomas R (2007) Data protection and sharing—guidance for emergency planners and responders. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office (https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ uploads/attachment_data/file/60970/dataprotection.pdf).

  2. Emanuel EJ, Wendler D, Grady C (2000) What makes clinical research ethical? JAMA 283(20):2701–11.

  3. Fisher CB (2006) Privacy and ethics in pediatric environmental health research. Part II: Protecting families and communities. Environ Health Perspect 114(10):1622–5.

  4. Gostin LO, Powers M (2006) What does social justice require for the public’s health? Public health ethics and policy imperatives. Health Affairs 25(4):1053–60.

  5. Hodge JG (2003) Health information privacy and public health. J Law Med Eth 31(4):663–71.

  6. Manca DP, Maher P, Gallant R (2006) Ethical concerns in community practice research. Common concerns encountered by the Alberta family practice research network. Can Fam Physician 9:296–9.

 

Learning Objective 3.4:

  1. Brand AM, Probst-Hensch NM (2007) Biobanking for epidemiological research and public health. Pathobiology 74(4):227–38.

  2. Dhai MS (2013) Biobank research: time for discussion and debate. S Afr Med J 103(4):225–7.

  3. Elger B, Biller-Adorno N, Mauron A, Capron AM, editors (2008) Ethical issues in governing biobanks: global perspectives. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate.

  4. Gostin LO, Fidler DP (2011) WHO’s pandemic influenza preparedness framework: a milestone in global governance for health. JAMA 306(2):200–1.

  5. Hansson MG (2009) Ethics and biobanks. Br J Cancer 100:8–12.

  6. Wolf LE (2010) Advancing research on stored biological materials: reconciling law, ethics, and practice. Minn J Law Sci Technol 11(1):99–156.

  7. Wolf LE, Bouley TA, McCulloch CE (2010) Genetic research with stored biological materials: ethics and practice. IRB Eth Human Res 32(2):7–18.

 

Learning Objective 3.5: (N/A)

 
 

 

Module 4

 

Learning Objective 4.1:

  1. BBC (2001) Nigerians sue Pfizer over test deaths. News 30 August 2001 (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1517171.stm).

  2. BBC (2010) Pandemic: a Horizon guide [video] (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_OyT6clx1s&feature=related).

  3. Bosely S, Smith D. (2010). As doctors fought to save lives, Pfizer flew in drug trial team. The Guardian, 9.12.2010.http://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/dec/09/doctors-fought-save-lives-pfizer-drug (12.09. accessed12 September 2014).

  4. Calain P, Fiore N, Poncin M, Hurst SA (2009) Research ethics and international epidemic response: the case of Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers. Public Health Eth 2(1):7–29.

  5. Hien TT, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Hayden FG, Farrar J (2009) Patient-oriented pandemic influenza research. Lancet 373:2084–5.

  6. Médecins sans Frontières (2011) Statement: Pfizer promoted misleading and false accusations of MSF’s involvement in unethical drug trials the company conducted in Nigeria in 1996, http://www.msf.org/article/ statement-pfizer-promoted-misleading-and-false-accusations-msfs-involvement-unethical-drug.

  7. Murray S. (2007). Anger at deadly Nigerian drug trials. BBC news website, 20.06.2007. (http://news.bbc. co.uk/2/hi/africa/6768799.stm)

  8. Okonta, Patrick I. (2014) Ethics of clinical trials in Nigeria. Niger Med J; 55:188-94.

 

Learning Objective 4.2:

  1. Schaefer GO, Emanuel EJ, Wertheimer A (2009) The obligation to participate in biomedical research. JAMA 302(1):67–72.

  2. Selgelid MJ (2009) Pandethics. Public Health 123:255–9.

  3. Tansey CM, Herridge MS, Heslegrave RJ, Lavery JV (2010) A framework for research ethics review during public emergencies. Can Med Assoc J 182(14):1533–7.

  4. United Nations Commission on Human Rights (1984) The Siracusa principles on the limitation and derogation provisions in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; Article 58 (E/CN.4/1985/4). New York (http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4672bc122.html).

 

Learning Objective 4.3:

  1. Burns KEA, Zubrinich C, Marshall J, Cook D (2009) The “consent to research” paradigm in critical care:challenges and potential solutions. Intensive Care Med 35(10):1655–8.

  2. Fost N (1998) Waived consent for emergency research. Am J Law Med 24(2–3):163–83.

  3. Kompanje EJO (2007) “No time to be lost!” Ethical considerations on consent for inclusion in emergency pharmacological research in severe traumatic brain injury in the European Union. Sci Eng Eth 13(3):371–81.

  4. Lecouturier J, Rodgers H, Ford GA, Rapley T, Stobbart L, Louw SJ, et al. (2008) Clinical research without consent in adults in the emergency setting: a review of patient and public views. BMC Med Eth 9(9): doi:10.1186/1472-6939-9-9.

  5. Lurie N, Manolio T, Patterson AP, Collins F, Freiden T (2013) Sounding board: research as a part of public health emergency response. N Engl J Med 368:1251–5.

  6. Richmond TS, Ulrich C (2007) Ethical issues of recruitment and enrolment of critically ill and injured patients for research. Adv Crit Care 18(4):352–5.

  7. Silverman HJ, Lemaire F (2006) Ethics and research in critical care. Intensive Care Med 32(11):1697–705.

 

Learning Objective 4.4:

  1. Bosely S, Smith D. (2010). As doctors fought to save lives, Pfizer flew in drug trial team. The Guardian, 9.12.2010. http://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/dec/09/doctors-fought-save-lives-pfizer-drug (12.09. accessed 12 September 2014).

  2. Doumbo OK (2005). It takes a village: medical research and ethics in Mali. Science 307:679–81.

  3. Fitzgerald DW, Marotte C, Verdier RI, Johnson WD Jr, Pape JW (2002) Comprehension during informed consent in a less-developed country. Lancet 360:1301–2.

  4. Médecins sans Frontières (2011) Statement: Pfizer promoted misleading and false accusations of MSF’s involvement in unethical drug trials the company conducted in Nigeria in 1996, http://www.msf.org/article/ statement-pfizer-promoted-misleading-and-false-accusations-msfs-involvement-unethical-drug.

  5. Merritt MW, Labrique AB, Katz J, Rashid M, West KP, Pettit J (2010) A field training guide for human subjects research ethics. PLoS Med 7(10):e1000349.

  6. Murray S. (2007). Anger at deadly Nigerian drug trials. BBC news website, 20.06.2007. (http://news.bbc. co.uk/2/hi/africa/6768799.stm)

  7. Oduro AR, Aborigo RA, Amugsi D, Anto F, Anyorigiya T, Atuguba F, et al. (2008) Understanding and retention of the informed consent process among parents in rural northern Ghana. BMC Med Eth 9:12.

  8. Okonta, Patrick I. (2014) Ethics of clinical trials in Nigeria. Niger Med J; 55:188-94.

 
 

 

Module 5

 

Learning Objective 5.1:

  1. Banatvela N, Zwi A (2000) Public health and humanitarian interventions: developing the evidence base. BMJ 321:101–5.

  2. Council for International Organizations of Medical Science (2009) Commentary on guideline 4 (pp. 42–44). International ethical guidelines for epidemiological studies. Geneva.

  3. Ford N, Mills EJ, Zachariah R, Upshur R. (2009) Ethics of conducting research in conflict settings. Conflict Health 10(3):7.

  4. Zwi A, Grove N (2006) Challenges to human security: reflection on health, fragile states and peace building. In: Health and conflict prevention, 3rd Edition. Brussels: Madariaga College of Europe Foundation; 119–39.

  5. Zwi AB, Grove NJ, MacKenzie C, Pittaway E, Zion D, Silove D et al. (2006) Placing ethics in the centre: negotiating new spaces for ethical research in conflict situations. Global Public Health 1(3):264–77.

 

Learning Objective 5.2: (N/A)

 

Learning Objective 5.3: 

  1. Jefferson T, Doshi P, Thompson M, Heneghan C, Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group (2011) Ensuring safe and effective drugs: who can do what it takes? BMJ 342:148–51. 

 
 

 

Module 6

 

Learning Objective 6.1:

  1. Baker R, Strosberg M (1992) Triage and equality: an historical reassessment of utilitarian analyses of triage. Kennedy Inst Eth J 2(2):103–23.

  2. Barnett DJ, Taylor HA, Hodge JG, Links JM (2009) Resource allocation on the frontlines of public health preparedness and response: report of a summit on legal and ethical issues. Public Health Rep 124:295–303.

  3. Caro JJ, DeRenzo EG, Coleman CN, Weinstock DM, Knebel AR (2011) Resource allocation after a nuclear detonation incident: unaltered standards of ethical decision making. Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness 5(Suppl 1):S46–53.

  4. Childress JF (2004) Disaster triage. Virtual Mentor 6(5): doi: 10.1001/virtualmentor.2004.6.5.ccas2-0405.

  5. Christian MD, Hawryluck L, Wax RS, Cook T, Lazar NM, Herridge MS, et al. (2006) Development of a triage protocol for critical care during an influenza pandemic. Can Med Assoc J 175(11):1377–81.

  6. Emanuel EJ, Wertheimer A (2006) Public health. Who should get influenza vaccine when not all can? Science 312:854–5.

  7. Gostin LO (2006) Medical countermeasures for pandemic influenza: ethics and the law. JAMA 295:554–6.

  8. Kinlaw K, Barrett DH, Levine RJ (2009) Ethical guidelines in pandemic influenza: recommendations of the Ethics Subcommittee of the Advisory Committee of the Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness 3(Suppl 2):S185–92.

  9. Levin D, Cadigan RO, Biddinger PD, Condon S, Koh HK, on behalf of the Joint Massachusetts Department of Public Health–Harvard Altered Standards of Care Working Group (2009) Altered standards of care during an influenza pandemic: identifying ethical, legal, and practical principles to guide decision making. Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness 3(Suppl2):S132–40 (http://www.dmphp.org/cgi/reprint/3/Supplement_2/ S132).

  10. Lina JY, Anderson-Shawa L (2009) Rationing of resources: ethical issues in disasters and epidemic situations. Prehosp Disaster Med 24(3):215–21.

  11. Merin O, Ash N, Levy G, Schwaber MJ, Kreiss Y (2010) The Israeli field hospital in Haiti—ethical dilemmas in early disaster response. N Engl J Med 362(11):e38.

  12. Moskop JC, Iserson KV (2007) Triage in medicine, part II: underlying values and principles. Ann Emerg Med 49(3):282–7.

  13. Repine TB, Lisagor P, Cohen DJ (2005) The dynamics and ethics of triage: rationing care in hard times. Mil Med 170(6):505–9.

  14. Silva DS, Nie JX, Rossiter K, Sahni S, Upshur RE (2010) Contextualizing ethics: ventilators, H1N1 and marginalized populations. Healthcare Q 13(1):32–6.

  15. Smith, GP (2009) Re-shaping the common good in times of public health emergency: validating medical triage. Ann Health Law 18(1):1–34.

  16. Thompson AK, Faith K, Gibson JL, Upshur REG (2006) Pandemic influenza preparedness: an ethical framework to guide decision-making. BMC Med Eth 7:12.

  17. Veatch RM (2005) Disaster preparedness and triage: justice and the common good. Mount Sinai J Med 72(4):236–41.

  18. Winslow GR (1982) Triage and justice: the ethics of rationing life-saving medical resources. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.

  19. World Health Organization (2007) Ethical considerations in developing a public health response to pandemic influenza. Chapter 3: Priority setting and equitable access to therapeutic and prophylactic measures. Geneva (WHO/CDS/EPR/GIP/2007.2) (http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/WHO_CDS_EPR_GIP_2007_2c. pdf).

  20. World Health Organization (2008) Addressing ethical issues in pandemic influenza planning. Discussion papers. Discussion paper I: Equitable access to therapeutic and prophylactic measures. Geneva (WHO/HSE/ EPR/GIP/2008.2) (http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/cds_flu_ethics_5web.pdf).

  21. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (2007) Eleventh Futures Forum on the ethical governance of pandemic influenza preparedness. Chapter 3: Principles for ethical decision-making in pandemic influenza planning. Copenhagen (http://www.euro.who.int/ data/assets/pdf_file/0008/90557/ E91310.pdf).

  22. Wynia MK (2006) Ethics and public health emergencies: rationing. Am J Bioeth 6(6):4–7.

 

Learning Objective 6.2: 

  1. Annas GJ (2010) Standard of care—in sickness and in health and in emergencies. N Engl J Med 362(22):2126–31.

  2. Chong S, Capps BJ, Subramaniam M, Voo TC, Campbell AV (2010) Clinical research in times of pandemics. Public Health Eth 3:35–8.

  3. Department of Health and Human Services (2005) Altered standards of care in mass casualty events. Bethesda, Maryland: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (http://www.ahrq.gov/research/altstand).

  4. Ezeome ER, Simon C (2010) Ethical problems in conducting research in acute epidemics: the Pfizer meningitis study in Nigeria as an illustration. Dev World Bioeth 10:1–10.

  5. Gebbie KM, Peterson CA, Subbarao I, White KM (2009) Adapting standards of care under extreme conditions. Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness 3(2):111–6.

  6. London AJ (2009) Clinical research in a public health crisis: the integrative approach to managing uncertainty and mitigating conflict. Seton Hall Law Rev 39:1173–202.

  7. Nossiter A (2007) Grand jury won’t indict doctor in hurricane deaths. New York Times 25 July 2007 (http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/25/us/25doctor.html?scp=1&sq=Grand%20Jury%20Won%92t%20Indict%20Doctor%20in%20Hurricane%20Deaths&st=cse)

  8. Okie S (2008) Dr Pou and the hurricane—implications for patient care during disasters. N Engl J Med 358:1–5.

 

Learning Objective 6.3: 

  1. Calain P (2007) From the field side of the binoculars: a different view on global public health surveillance. Health Policy Plann 22(1):13–20.

  2. Resnik DB (2013) H5N1 avian flu research and the ethics of knowledge. Hastings Center Rep 43(2):22–33.

  3. Yamada T (2006) Poverty, wealth and access to pandemic influenza vaccines. N Engl J Med 361(12):1129–31.

 

Learning Objective 6.4: 

  1. Adebamowo C, Bah-Sow O, Binka F, Bruzzone R, Caplan A, Delfraissy JF, Heymann D, Horby P, Kaleebu P, Tamfum JJ, Olliaro P, Piot P, Tejan-Cole A, Tomori O, Toure A, Torreele E, Whitehead J. (2014) Randomised controlled trials for Ebola: practical and ethical issues. Lancet 384(9952):1423-4.

  2. Caplan AL, Plunkett C, Levin B (2015) Selecting the right tool for the job. Am J Bioeth 15(4):4-10.

  3. Cox E, Borio L, Temple R (2014) Evaluating Ebola therapies--the case for RCTs. N Engl J Med Dec 18;371(25):2350-1.

  4. Joffe S (2014) Evaluating novel therapies during the Ebola epidemic. JAMA. 312(13):1299-300.

  5. Joffe S (2015) Ethical testing of experimental ebola treatments--reply. JAMA. 313(4):422.

  6. Landry JT, Foreman T, Kekewich M (2015) Reconsidering the Ethical Permissibility of the Use of Unregistered Interventions against Ebola Virus Disease. Camb Q Health Ethics 24(3):366-9.

  7. Lanini S, Zumla A, Ioannidis JP, Di Caro A, Krishna S, Gostin L, Girardi E, Pletschette M, Strada G, Baritussio A, Portella G, Apolone G, Cavuto S, Satolli R, Kremsner P, Vairo F, Ippolito G (2015) Are adaptive randomised trials or non-randomised studies the best way to address the Ebola outbreak in west Africa? Lancet Infect Dis 15(6):738-45.

  8. Nelson RM, Roth-Cline M, Prohaska K, Cox E, Borio L, Temple R (2015) Right job, wrong tool: a commentary on designing clinical trials for Ebola virus disease. Am J Bioeth 15(4):33-6.

  9. Rid A, Emanuel EJ (2014) Ethical considerations of experimental interventions in the Ebola outbreak. Lancet Nov 22;384(9957):1896-9.

  10. Rid A, Emanuel EJ (2014) Compassionate use of experimental drugs in the Ebola outbreak - Authors’ reply. Lancet 384(9957):1844.

  11. Shah SK, Wendler D, Danis M (2015) Examining the ethics of clinical use of unproven interventions outside of clinical trials during the Ebola epidemic. Am J Bioeth 15(4):11-6.

 
 

 

Module 7

 

Learning Objective 7.1: 

  1. Coggan J (2012) What makes health public? A critical evaluation of moral, legal, and political claims in public health. New York: Cambridge University Press.

  2. Coleman C, Bouësseau M-C, Reis A (2008) The contribution of ethics to public health. Bull World Health Organ 86(8):578.

  3. Coughlin SS (2006) Ethical issues in epidemiologic research and public health practice. Emerg Themes Epidemiol 3:16 (http://www.ete-online.com/content/3/1/16).

  4. Levin D, Cadigan RO, Biddinger PD, Condon S, Koh HK, on behalf of the Joint Massachusetts Department of Public Health–Harvard Altered Standards of Care Working Group (2009) Altered standards of care during an influenza pandemic: identifying ethical, legal, and practical principles to guide decision making. Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness 3(Suppl 2):S132–40.

  5. O’Neill O (2011) Broadening bioethics: clinical ethics, public health ethics and health. Annual lecture, Nuffield Council on Bioethics. London (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5SJ9h6IhAk).

 

Learning Objective 7.2: (N/A)

 

Learning Objective 7.3: 

  1. Davis M (1999) Ethics and the university. London: Routledge.

  2. Davis M, Stark A, editors (2001) Conflict of interest in the professions. New York: Oxford University Press.

  3. Lo B, Field MJ, editors (2009) Conflict of interest in medical research, education, and practice. Washington DC: Institute of Medicine, National Academies Press (http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12598).

  4. Murray TH, Johnston J, editors (2010) Trust and integrity in biomedical research. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

  5. Resnik D (2011) Scientific research and the public trust. Sci Eng Eth 17(3):399–409.

  6. Responsible Conduct of Research (2011) Training module. New York: Columbia University