Bibliografia per modulo

  1. Nozioni di base sulla nascita pretermine

  2. Sviluppo gastro-intestinale del neonato pretermine

  3. Raccomandazioni nutrizionali per il neonato pretermine

Nozioni di base sulla nascita pretermine

  1. Amiya RM, Mlunde LB, Ota E, Swa T, Oladapo OT, Mori R. Antenatal Corticosteroids for Reducing Adverse Maternal and Child Outcomes in Special Populations of Women at Risk of Imminent Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLOS ONE. 2016 Feb 3;11(2):e0147604. 

  2. Been JV, Degraeuwe PL, Kramer BW, Zimmermann LJI. Antenatal steroids and neonatal outcome after chorioamnionitis: a meta-analysis. BJOG. 2011 Jan;118(2):113-22. 

  3. Belfort MB, Gillman MW, Buka SL, Casey PH, McCormick MC. Preterm infant linear growth and adiposity gain: trade-offs for later weight status and intelligence quotient. J Pediatr. 2013;163(6):1564-9.e2. Epub 2013/07/30. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.06.032.

  4. Blencowe H, Cousens S, Oestergaard MZ, Chou D, Moller AB, Narwal R, et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications. Lancet. 2012;379(9832):2162-72. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60820-4.

  5. Engle WA, Newborn AAoPCoFa. Age terminology during the perinatal period. Pediatrics. 2004;114(5):1362-4. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-1915.

  6. Herbst A, Nilsson C. Diagnosis of early preterm labour. BJOG. 2006;113 SUPPL 3:60-7. DOI: 10.1111/J.1471-0528.2006.01125.X.

  7. Goldenberg RL, Gravett MG, Iams J, Papageorghiou AT, Waller SA, Kramer M, Culhane J, Barros F, Conde-Agudelo A, Bhutta ZA, Knight HE, Villar J. The preterm birth syndrome: issues to consider in creating a classification system. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Feb;206(2):113-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2011.10.865

  8. Howson CP, Kinney MV, McDougall L, Lawn JE, Born Too Soon Preterm Birth Action Group. Born too soon: preterm birth matters. Reprod Health. 2013;10 Suppl 1:S1. 

  9. Intergrowth 21st Video. YouTube; 2016 Sep 27. 

  10. Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D, Chu Y, Perin J, Zhu J, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000-15: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet. 2016;388(10063):3027-35. Epub 2016/11/11. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31593-8.

  11. March of Dimes, PMNCH, Save the Children, WHO. Born Too Soon: The Global Action Report on Preterm Birth. Eds CP Howson, MV Kinney, JE Lawn. World Health Organization. Geneva, 2012.

  12. Ong KK, Kennedy K, Castañeda-Gutiérrez E, Forsyth S, Godfrey KM, Koletzko B, et al. Postnatal growth in preterm infants and later health outcomes: a systematic review. Acta Paediatr. 2015;104(10):974-86. doi: 10.1111/apa.13128.

  13. Papageorghiou AT, Kennedy SH, Salomon LJ, Ohuma EO, Cheikh Ismail L, Barros FC, Lambert A, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Bertino E, Gravett MG, Altman DG, Purwar M, Noble JA, Pang R, Victora CG, Bhutta ZA, Villar J. International standards for early fetal size and pregnancy dating based on ultrasound measurement of crown–rump length in the first trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Dec;44(6):641-8. 

  14. Papageorghiou AT, Ohuma EO, Gravett MG, Hirst J, Silveira MF da, Lambert A, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Altman DG, Noble JA, Bertino E, Purwar M, Pang R, Ismail LC, Victora C, Bhutta ZA, Kennedy SH, Villar J. International standards for symphysis-fundal height based on serial measurements from the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project: prospective cohort study in eight countries. BMJ. 2016 Nov 7;355:i5662. 

  15. Raiten DJ, Steiber AL, Carlson SE, Griffin I, Anderson D, Hay WW, et al. Working group reports: evaluation of the evidence to support practice guidelines for nutritional care of preterm infants-the Pre-B Project. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103(2):648S-78S. Epub 2016/01/20. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.117309.

  16. Roberts D, Brown J, Medley N, Dalziel SR. Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. In: The Cochrane Library. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017 Mar 21. 

  17. Villar J, Papageorghiou AT, Knight HE, Gravett MG, Iams J, Waller SA, Kramer M, Culhane JF, Barros FC, Conde-Agudelo A, Bhutta ZA, Goldenberg RL. The preterm birth syndrome: a prototype phenotypic classification. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2012 Feb 1;206(2):119-23.

  18. Villar J, Giuliani F, Bhutta ZA, Bertino E, Ohuma EO, Ismail LC, et al. Postnatal growth standards for preterm infants: the Preterm Postnatal Follow-up Study of the INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project. Lancet Glob Health. 2015;3(11):e681-91. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00163-1.

  19. WHO. Global Nutrition Targets 2025: Policy brief series. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2014. 

  20. WHO. WHO recommendations on interventions to improve preterm birth outcomes. World Health Organization, 2015. 

  21. World Bank Group. Mortality rate, neonatal (per 1,000 live births) Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation ( UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population 

 

Sviluppo gastro-intestinale del neonato pretermine

  1. Abrahamse E, Minekus M, van Aken GA, van de Heijning B, Knol J, Bartke N, et al. Development of the Digestive System-Experimental Challenges and Approaches of Infant Lipid Digestion. Food Dig. 2012;3(1-3):63-77. Epub 2012/11/07. doi: 10.1007/s13228-012-0025-x.

  2. Ayede AI. Achieving optimal feeds for preterm babies, recommendations and realities in practice: nigerian perspective. Ann Ib Postgrad Med. 2011;9(1):1-7.

  3. Claud EC. Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis -Inflammation and Intestinal Immaturity. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem. 2009;8(3):248-59. doi: 10.2174/187152309789152020

  4. Dasgupta S, Arya S, Choudhary S, Jain SK. Amniotic fluid: Source of trophic factors for the developing intestine. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 2016;7(1):38-47. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v7.i1.38. 

  5. Dallas DC, Underwood MA, Zivkovic AM, German JB. Digestion of Protein in Premature and Term Infants. J Nutr Disord Ther. 2012;2(3):112. doi: 10.4172/2161-0509.1000112. 

  6. Gabrielli O, Zampini L, Galeazzi T, Padella L, Santoro L, Peila C, Giuliani F, Bertino E, Fabris C and Coppa G. Preterm milk oligosaccharides during the first month of lactation. Pediatrics 2011;128:1520-31

  7. Neu J. Gastrointestinal development and meeting the nutritional needs of premature infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(2):629S-34S. PubMed PMID: 17284768

  8. Neu J and Li N. The Neonatal Gastrointestinal Tract: Developmental Anatomy, Physiology, and Clinical Implications. NeoReviews 2003;4;7 DOI: 10.1542/neo.4-1-e7

  9. Niño DF, Sodhi CP, Hackam DJ. Necrotizing enterocolitis: new insights into pathogenesis and mechanisms. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;13(10):590-600. Epub 2016/08/18. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2016.119. 

  10. Underwood MA. Human milk for the premature infant. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013 Feb;60(1):189-207.

Raccomandazioni nutrizionali per il neonato pretermine

  1. Amiya RM, Mlunde LB, Ota E, Swa T, Oladapo OT, Mori R. Antenatal Corticosteroids for Reducing Adverse Maternal and Child Outcomes in Special Populations of Women at Risk of Imminent Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLOS ONE. 2016 Feb 3;11(2):e0147604. 

  2. Been JV, Degraeuwe PL, Kramer BW, Zimmermann LJI. Antenatal steroids and neonatal outcome after chorioamnionitis: a meta-analysis. BJOG. 2011 Jan;118(2):113-22. 

  3. Belfort MB, Gillman MW, Buka SL, Casey PH, McCormick MC. Preterm infant linear growth and adiposity gain: trade-offs for later weight status and intelligence quotient. J Pediatr. 2013;163(6):1564-9.e2. Epub 2013/07/30. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.06.032.

  4. Blencowe H, Cousens S, Oestergaard MZ, Chou D, Moller AB, Narwal R, et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications. Lancet. 2012;379(9832):2162-72. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60820-4.

  5. Engle WA, Newborn AAoPCoFa. Age terminology during the perinatal period. Pediatrics. 2004;114(5):1362-4. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-1915.

  6. Herbst A, Nilsson C. Diagnosis of early preterm labour. BJOG. 2006;113 SUPPL 3:60-7. DOI: 10.1111/J.1471-0528.2006.01125.X.

  7. Goldenberg RL, Gravett MG, Iams J, Papageorghiou AT, Waller SA, Kramer M, Culhane J, Barros F, Conde-Agudelo A, Bhutta ZA, Knight HE, Villar J. The preterm birth syndrome: issues to consider in creating a classification system. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Feb;206(2):113-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2011.10.865

  8. Howson CP, Kinney MV, McDougall L, Lawn JE, Born Too Soon Preterm Birth Action Group. Born too soon: preterm birth matters. Reprod Health. 2013;10 Suppl 1:S1. 

  9. Intergrowth 21st Video. YouTube; 2016 Sep 27. 

  10. Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D, Chu Y, Perin J, Zhu J, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000-15: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet. 2016;388(10063):3027-35. Epub 2016/11/11. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31593-8.

  11. March of Dimes, PMNCH, Save the Children, WHO. Born Too Soon: The Global Action Report on Preterm Birth. Eds CP Howson, MV Kinney, JE Lawn. World Health Organization. Geneva, 2012.

  12. Ong KK, Kennedy K, Castañeda-Gutiérrez E, Forsyth S, Godfrey KM, Koletzko B, et al. Postnatal growth in preterm infants and later health outcomes: a systematic review. Acta Paediatr. 2015;104(10):974-86. doi: 10.1111/apa.13128.

  13. Papageorghiou AT, Kennedy SH, Salomon LJ, Ohuma EO, Cheikh Ismail L, Barros FC, Lambert A, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Bertino E, Gravett MG, Altman DG, Purwar M, Noble JA, Pang R, Victora CG, Bhutta ZA, Villar J. International standards for early fetal size and pregnancy dating based on ultrasound measurement of crown–rump length in the first trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Dec;44(6):641-8. 

  14. Papageorghiou AT, Ohuma EO, Gravett MG, Hirst J, Silveira MF da, Lambert A, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Altman DG, Noble JA, Bertino E, Purwar M, Pang R, Ismail LC, Victora C, Bhutta ZA, Kennedy SH, Villar J. International standards for symphysis-fundal height based on serial measurements from the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project: prospective cohort study in eight countries. BMJ. 2016 Nov 7;355:i5662. 

  15. Raiten DJ, Steiber AL, Carlson SE, Griffin I, Anderson D, Hay WW, et al. Working group reports: evaluation of the evidence to support practice guidelines for nutritional care of preterm infants-the Pre-B Project. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103(2):648S-78S. Epub 2016/01/20. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.117309.

  16. Roberts D, Brown J, Medley N, Dalziel SR. Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. In: The Cochrane Library. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017 Mar 21. 

  17. Villar J, Papageorghiou AT, Knight HE, Gravett MG, Iams J, Waller SA, Kramer M, Culhane JF, Barros FC, Conde-Agudelo A, Bhutta ZA, Goldenberg RL. The preterm birth syndrome: a prototype phenotypic classification. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2012 Feb 1;206(2):119-23.

  18. Villar J, Giuliani F, Bhutta ZA, Bertino E, Ohuma EO, Ismail LC, et al. Postnatal growth standards for preterm infants: the Preterm Postnatal Follow-up Study of the INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project. Lancet Glob Health. 2015;3(11):e681-91. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00163-1.

  19. WHO. Global Nutrition Targets 2025: Policy brief series. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2014. 

  20. WHO. WHO recommendations on interventions to improve preterm birth outcomes. World Health Organization, 2015. 

  21. World Bank Group. Mortality rate, neonatal (per 1,000 live births) Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation ( UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population 

Gastro-Intestinal Development of Preterm Infants

  1. Abrahamse E, Minekus M, van Aken GA, van de Heijning B, Knol J, Bartke N, et al. Development of the Digestive System-Experimental Challenges and Approaches of Infant Lipid Digestion. Food Dig. 2012;3(1-3):63-77. Epub 2012/11/07. doi: 10.1007/s13228-012-0025-x.

  2. Ayede AI. Achieving optimal feeds for preterm babies, recommendations and realities in practice: nigerian perspective. Ann Ib Postgrad Med. 2011;9(1):1-7.

  3. Claud EC. Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis -Inflammation and Intestinal Immaturity. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem. 2009;8(3):248-59. doi: 10.2174/187152309789152020

  4. Dasgupta S, Arya S, Choudhary S, Jain SK. Amniotic fluid: Source of trophic factors for the developing intestine. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 2016;7(1):38-47. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v7.i1.38. 

  5. Dallas DC, Underwood MA, Zivkovic AM, German JB. Digestion of Protein in Premature and Term Infants. J Nutr Disord Ther. 2012;2(3):112. doi: 10.4172/2161-0509.1000112. 

  6. Gabrielli O, Zampini L, Galeazzi T, Padella L, Santoro L, Peila C, Giuliani F, Bertino E, Fabris C and Coppa G. Preterm milk oligosaccharides during the first month of lactation. Pediatrics 2011;128:1520-31

  7. Neu J. Gastrointestinal development and meeting the nutritional needs of premature infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(2):629S-34S. PubMed PMID: 17284768

  8. Neu J and Li N. The Neonatal Gastrointestinal Tract: Developmental Anatomy, Physiology, and Clinical Implications. NeoReviews 2003;4;7 DOI: 10.1542/neo.4-1-e7

  9. Niño DF, Sodhi CP, Hackam DJ. Necrotizing enterocolitis: new insights into pathogenesis and mechanisms. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;13(10):590-600. Epub 2016/08/18. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2016.119. 

  10. Underwood MA. Human milk for the premature infant. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013 Feb;60(1):189-207.

Feeding recommendations for the routine care of preterm infants

  1. Abrams SA, Committee on Nutrition. Calcium and vitamin d requirements of enterally fed preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2013 May;131(5):e1676-1683. 

  2. Agostoni C, Buonocore G, Carnielli VP, De Curtis M, Darmaun D, Decsi T, Domellöf M, Embleton ND, Fusch C, Genzel-Boroviczeny O, Goulet O, Kalhan SC, Kolacek S, Koletzko B, Lapillonne A, Mihatsch W, Moreno L, Neu J, Poindexter B, Puntis J, Putet G, Rigo J, Riskin A, Salle B, Sauer P, Shamir R, Szajewska H, Thureen P, Turck D, van Goudoever JB, Ziegler EE, ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Enteral nutrient supply for preterm infants: commentary from the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010 Jan;50(1):85-91.

  3. Arslanoglu S, Moro GE, Ziegler EE. Adjustable fortification of human milk fed to preterm infants: does it make a difference? J Perinatol. 2006 Oct;26(10):614-21. 

  4. Arslanoglu S. IV. Individualized Fortification of Human Milk: Adjustable Fortification. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015 Sep;61 Suppl 1:S4-5.

  5. Barros FC, Bhutta ZA, Batra M, Hansen TN, Victora CG, Rubens CE. Global report on preterm birth and stillbirth (3 of 7): evidence for effectiveness of interventions. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2010;10(1):S3. 

  6. Bhutta Z, Giuliani F, Haroon A, Knight HE, Albernaz E, Batra M, et al. International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century. Standardisation of neonatal clinical practice. BJOG 2013;120 Suppl 2:56–63.

  7. Bode L, Kuhn L, Kim HY, Hsiao L, Nissan C, Sinkala M, et al. Human milk oligosaccharide concentration and risk of postnatal transmission of HIV through breastfeeding. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96(4):831-9. Epub 2012/08/15. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.039503.

  8. Donovan TJ, Buchanan K. Medications for increasing milk supply in mothers expressing breastmilk for their preterm hospitalised infants. In: The Cochrane Collaboration, ed. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012 Mar 14. 

  9. Dutta S, Singh B, Chessell L, Wilson J, Janes M, McDonald K, Shahid S, Gardner VA, Hjartarson A, Purcha M, Watson J, de Boer C, Gaal B, Fusch C. Guidelines for Feeding Very Low Birth Weight Infants. Nutrients. 2015 Jan 8;7(1):423-42. 

  10. Edmond K, Bahl R editors. WHO Technical Review: Optimal Feeding of Low-Birth-Weight Infants. Geneva: World Health Organisation;2006. pp 1–121

  11. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA). Scientific Opinion on the appropriate age for introduction of complementary feeding of infants: Opinion on complementary feeding of infants. EFSA Journal. 2009 Dec;7(12):1423. 

  12. Edmond K, Bahl R. Optimal feeding of low-birth-weight infants: technical review. World Health Organisation, 2006. pp 1–121. 

  13. Elad D, Kozlovsky P, Blum O, Laine AF, Po MJ, Botzer E, Dollberg S, Zelicovich M, Sira LB. Biomechanics of milk extraction during breast-feeding. PNAS. 2014 Aug 4;111(14):5230-5.  

  14. Fallon EM, Nehra D, Potemkin AK, Gura KM, Simpser E, Compher C, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Board of Directors, Puder M. A.S.P.E.N. clinical guidelines: nutrition support of neonatal patients at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012 Sep;36(5):506-23. 

  15. Foster JP, Psaila K, Patterson T. Non-nutritive sucking for increasing physiologic stability and nutrition in preterm infants. In: The Cochrane Collaboration, ed. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016 Oct 4. 

  16. Morgan J, Young L, McGuire W. Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. In: The Cochrane Collaboration, ed. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015 Oct 15. 

  17. Morlacchi L, Mallardi D, Giannì ML, Roggero P, Amato O, Piemontese P, Consonni D, Mosca F. Is targeted fortification of human breast milk an optimal nutrition strategy for preterm infants? An interventional study. J Transl Med. 2016 Jul 1;14(1):195. 

  18. Morton J. Hand Expression of Breast Milk. Breastfeeding. Stanford Medicine; Accessed 7th March  2017. p. 00:0731. 

  19. Morton J. Maximizing milk production with hands-on pumping. Breastfeeding. Stanford Medicine; Accessed 8th March 2017. p. 00:9:39.

  20. Premji SS, Chessell L. Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for premature infants less than 1500 grams. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Nov 9;(11):CD001819.   

  21. Teller IC, Embleton ND, Griffin IJ, van Elburg RM. Post-discharge formula feeding in preterm infants: A systematic review mapping evidence about the role of macronutrient enrichment. Clin Nutr. 2016 Aug;35(4):791-801.  

  22. Underwood MA. Human milk for the premature infant. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013 Feb;60(1):189-207. 

  23. Van Niekerk E, Autran CA, Nel DG, Kirsten GF, Blaauw R, Bode L. Human milk oligosaccharides differ between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected mothers and are related to necrotizing enterocolitis incidence in their preterm very-low-birth-weight infants. J Nutr. 2014;144(8):1227-33. Epub 2014/06/11. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.187799

  24. Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJD, França GVA, Horton S, Krasevec J, Murch S, Sankar MJ, Walker N, Rollins NC, Lancet Breastfeeding Series Group. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet. 2016 Jan 30;387(10017):475-90.  

  25. Villar J, Giuliani F, Bhutta ZA, Bertino E, Ohuma EO, Ismail LC, Barros FC, Altman DG, Victora C, Noble JA, Gravett MG, Purwar M, Pang R, Lambert A, Papageorghiou AT, Ochieng R, Jaffer YA, Kennedy SH, International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21(st) Century (INTERGROWTH-21(st)). Postnatal growth standards for preterm infants: the Preterm Postnatal Follow-up Study of the INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project. Lancet Glob Health. 2015 Nov;3(11):e681-691.  

  26. Wellington A, Perlman JM. Infant-driven feeding in premature infants: a quality improvement project. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2015 Nov;100(6):F495-500. 

  27. Nyqvist KH, Häggkvist AP, Hansen MN, Kylberg E, Frandsen AL, Maastrup R, Ezeonodo A, Hannula L, Haiek LN. Expansion of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding into Neonatal Intensive Care: Expert Group Recommendations. Journal of Human Lactation 2013;29(3):300–309

  28. AlFaleh K, Anabrees J. Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014(4):CD005496. Epub 2014/04/10. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005496.pub4.

  29. Li YF, Lin HC, Torrazza RM, Parker L, Talaga E, Neu J. Gastric residual evaluation in preterm neonates: a useful monitoring technique or a hindrance? Pediatr Neonatol. 2014;55(5):335-40. Epub 2014/08/14. doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2014.02.008.

 

  1. Abrams SA, Committee on Nutrition. Calcium and vitamin d requirements of enterally fed preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2013 May;131(5):e1676-1683. 

  2. Agostoni C, Buonocore G, Carnielli VP, De Curtis M, Darmaun D, Decsi T, Domellöf M, Embleton ND, Fusch C, Genzel-Boroviczeny O, Goulet O, Kalhan SC, Kolacek S, Koletzko B, Lapillonne A, Mihatsch W, Moreno L, Neu J, Poindexter B, Puntis J, Putet G, Rigo J, Riskin A, Salle B, Sauer P, Shamir R, Szajewska H, Thureen P, Turck D, van Goudoever JB, Ziegler EE, ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Enteral nutrient supply for preterm infants: commentary from the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010 Jan;50(1):85-91.

  3. Arslanoglu S, Moro GE, Ziegler EE. Adjustable fortification of human milk fed to preterm infants: does it make a difference? J Perinatol. 2006 Oct;26(10):614-21. 

  4. Arslanoglu S. IV. Individualized Fortification of Human Milk: Adjustable Fortification. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015 Sep;61 Suppl 1:S4-5.

  5. Barros FC, Bhutta ZA, Batra M, Hansen TN, Victora CG, Rubens CE. Global report on preterm birth and stillbirth (3 of 7): evidence for effectiveness of interventions. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2010;10(1):S3. 

  6. Bhutta Z, Giuliani F, Haroon A, Knight HE, Albernaz E, Batra M, et al. International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century. Standardisation of neonatal clinical practice. BJOG 2013;120 Suppl 2:56–63.

  7. Bode L, Kuhn L, Kim HY, Hsiao L, Nissan C, Sinkala M, et al. Human milk oligosaccharide concentration and risk of postnatal transmission of HIV through breastfeeding. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96(4):831-9. Epub 2012/08/15. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.039503.

  8. Donovan TJ, Buchanan K. Medications for increasing milk supply in mothers expressing breastmilk for their preterm hospitalised infants. In: The Cochrane Collaboration, ed. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012 Mar 14. 

  9. Dutta S, Singh B, Chessell L, Wilson J, Janes M, McDonald K, Shahid S, Gardner VA, Hjartarson A, Purcha M, Watson J, de Boer C, Gaal B, Fusch C. Guidelines for Feeding Very Low Birth Weight Infants. Nutrients. 2015 Jan 8;7(1):423-42. 

  10. Edmond K, Bahl R editors. WHO Technical Review: Optimal Feeding of Low-Birth-Weight Infants. Geneva: World Health Organisation;2006. pp 1–121

  11. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA). Scientific Opinion on the appropriate age for introduction of complementary feeding of infants: Opinion on complementary feeding of infants. EFSA Journal. 2009 Dec;7(12):1423. 

  12. Edmond K, Bahl R. Optimal feeding of low-birth-weight infants: technical review. World Health Organisation, 2006. pp 1–121. 

  13. Elad D, Kozlovsky P, Blum O, Laine AF, Po MJ, Botzer E, Dollberg S, Zelicovich M, Sira LB. Biomechanics of milk extraction during breast-feeding. PNAS. 2014 Aug 4;111(14):5230-5.  

  14. Fallon EM, Nehra D, Potemkin AK, Gura KM, Simpser E, Compher C, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Board of Directors, Puder M. A.S.P.E.N. clinical guidelines: nutrition support of neonatal patients at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012 Sep;36(5):506-23. 

  15. Foster JP, Psaila K, Patterson T. Non-nutritive sucking for increasing physiologic stability and nutrition in preterm infants. In: The Cochrane Collaboration, ed. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016 Oct 4. 

  16. Morgan J, Young L, McGuire W. Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. In: The Cochrane Collaboration, ed. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015 Oct 15. 

  17. Morlacchi L, Mallardi D, Giannì ML, Roggero P, Amato O, Piemontese P, Consonni D, Mosca F. Is targeted fortification of human breast milk an optimal nutrition strategy for preterm infants? An interventional study. J Transl Med. 2016 Jul 1;14(1):195. 

  18. Morton J. Hand Expression of Breast Milk. Breastfeeding. Stanford Medicine; Accessed 7th March  2017. p. 00:0731. 

  19. Morton J. Maximizing milk production with hands-on pumping. Breastfeeding. Stanford Medicine; Accessed 8th March 2017. p. 00:9:39.

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